def f(x, y):
return x & ~y
t = int(input())
for tt in range(t):
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans = [0] * n
for i in range(1, n):
ans[i] = f(ans[i - 1] ^ a[i - 1], a[i])
print(" ".join(map(str, ans)))#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
int main()
{
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(NULL);
int tc;
cin>>tc;
while(tc--){
int n;
cin>>n;
vector<ll> a(n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>a[i];
}
vector<ll> ans(1);
for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
ll x=a[i-1];
for(int k=0;k<=30;k++){
ll tmp=1<<k;
if((a[i]&tmp)>0&&(a[i-1]&tmp)>0)
x-=tmp;
}
a[i]^=x;
ans.push_back(x);
}
for(ll num: ans)
cout<<num<<' ';
cout<<'\n';
}
return 0;
}227B - Effective Approach | 1534B - Histogram Ugliness |
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